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Study on direct alcohol/ether fuel synthesis process in bubble column slurry reactor

Zhen CHEN, Haitao ZHANG, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0517-6

摘要： The recent studies of direct alcohol/ether synthesis process in slurry reactors were reviewed, and the research work in our laboratory was carried out in this paper. a global kinetics model for direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from syngas over a novel Cu-Zn-Al-Zr slurry catalyst was established according to the total of 25 experimental data, and a steady-state one-dimensional mathematical model was further developed in bubble column slurry reactor (BCSR), which was assumed that the bubble phase was plug flow, and the liquid phase was fully mixed flow. The numerical simulations of reactor design of 100000 t/a dimethyl ether pilot plant indicate that higher pressure and lower temperature were favorable to the increase of CO conversion, selectivity of dimethyl ether, product yield and height of slurry bed. The optimal operating conditions for DME synthesis process were obtained: reaction temperature at 240°C, reactor pressure at 5 MPa and reactor diameter of 2.5 m.

关键词： syngas     alcohol/ether fuel     slurry catalyst     bubble column slurry reactor     global kinetics     mathematical model    

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Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 162-172 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0267-5

摘要： Bubble columns are widely used in chemical and biochemical processes due to their excellent mass and heat transfer characteristics and simple construction. However, their fundamental hydrodynamic behaviors, which are essential for reactor scale-up and design, are still not fully understood. To develop design tools for engineering purposes, much research has been carried out in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation of gas-liquid flows. Due to the importance of the bubble behavior, the bubble size distribution must be considered in the CFD models. The population balance model (PBM) is an effective approach to predict the bubble size distribution, and great efforts have been made in recent years to couple the PBM into CFD simulations. This article gives a selective review of the modeling and simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with PBM. Bubble breakup and coalescence models due to different mechanisms are discussed. It is shown that the CFD-PBM coupled model with proper bubble breakup and coalescence models and interphase force formulations has the ability of predicting the complex hydrodynamics in different flow regimes and, thus, provides a unified description of both the homogeneous and heterogeneous regimes. Further study is needed to improve the models of bubble coalescence and breakup, turbulence modification in high gas holdup, and interphase forces of bubble swarms.

关键词： bubble column     computational fluid dynamics     bubble breakup and coalescence     population balance model     bubble size distribution    

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Removal of SO

Xiaolei LI, Chunying ZHU, Youguang MA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 185-191 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1326-5

摘要： In this work, the removal of SO from gas mixture with air and SO by ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution as absorbent was investigated experimentally in a bubble column reactor. The effects of the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, the SO inlet concentration of gas phase and the gas flow rate on the removal rate of SO were studied. The results showed that the higher the SO inlet concentration and the gas flow rate, the shorter the lasting time of SO completely removed in gas outlet, and then the faster the decrease in the removal rate of SO . The lasting time of SO completely removed in gas outlet increased with increasing ammonium bicarbonate concentration. During the process of SO absorption, there was a critical pH of solution. When the solution pH was less than the critical pH, it would sharply fall, resulting in a rapid decrease of the SO removal rate. A theoretical model for predicting the SO removal rate has been developed by taking the chemical enhancement and the sulfite concentration in the liquid phase into account simultaneously.

关键词： SO2 removal     bubble column reactor     removal rate     ammonium bicarbonate     absorbent    

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Experimental study on bubble behavior and CFD simulation of large-scale slurry bubble column reactor

Haoyi SUN, Tao LI, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 515-522 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0516-7

摘要： Slurry bubble column reactors (SBCR) is a three-phase fluidized reactor with outstanding advantages compared with other reactors and is difficult to scale-up due to lack of information on hydrodynamics and mass transfer over a wide range of operating conditions of commercial interest. In this paper, an experiment was conducted to investigate the bubble behavior in SBCR with a height of 5600 mm and an interior diameter of 480 mm. Bubble rise velocity, bubble diameter, and gas holdup in different radial and axial positions are measured in SBCR using four-channel conductivity probe. Tap water, air, and glass beads (mean diameter 75–150 μm) are used as liquid, gas, and solid phases, respectively. It shows that hydrodynamic parameters have good regularity in SBCR. Moreover, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, Fluent, was used to simulate the process in SBCR. The simulations were carried out using axi-symmetric 2-D grids. Data obtained from experiment and CFD simulation are compared, and results show that the tendency of simulation is almost uniform with the experiment, which can help to obtain further understanding about multiphase flow process and establish a model about the synthesis of alcohol ether fuel in SBCR.

关键词： SBCR     four-channel conductivity probe     hydrodynamics     CFD    

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Removal of dyes from wastewater by growing fungal pellets in a semi-continuous mode

Tao Lu, Qilei Zhang, Shanjing Yao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 338-345 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1644-0

摘要： To increase the efficiency of dye removal from wastewater using mycelial pellets, a bubble column reactor with a simple structure was designed and efficiently used to remove dyes from solution containing dyes. The mycelial pellets were prepared by marine fungus ZJUBE-1. Eight dyes were tested as dye targets for the adsorption capacity of mycelial pellets and good removal results were obtained. Eriochrome black T was selected as a model dye for characterizing the adsorption processes in detail. The measurement results of Zeta potential and FT-IR analysis indicate that the electrostatic attraction may play a key role in the biosorption process. The bubble column reactor was utilized to study the batch dye-removal efficiency of mycelial pellets. A re-culture process between every two batches, which was under non-sterile condition, successfully enhanced the utilization of mycelium biomass. The dye removal rate is 96.4% after 12 h in the first batch and then decreases slowly in the following batches. This semi-continuous mode, which consists of commutative processes of dye-removal and re-culture, has some outstanding advantages, such as low power consumption, easy operation, high dye removal rate, and efficient biomass utilization.

关键词： dye     mycelial pellets     marine fungus     bubble column reactor     semi-continuous biosorption    

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气升式浆态床反应器的过程强化 Review

耿淑君, 毛在砂, 黄青山, 杨超

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第3期   页码 304-325 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.002

摘要：

气升式浆态床反应器是一种重要的气-液-固多相反应器，包括鼓泡塔反应器和环流反应器。这些反应器具有剪切应力低、混合程度好、传质/传热能力强、成本低等优点，已被广泛应用于许多工业过程，尤其是生物发酵和能源化工领域。为了进一步提高浆态床反应器的性能（即混合和传质/传热性能）和满足工业应用要求（如温度控制、减少返混和产品分离等），浆态床反应器的过程强化至关重要。首先，本文回顾了这两种反应器在强化混合和传质/传热方面的最新研究进展。然后，总结了浆态床反应器在连续生产时混合与分离的过程强化方法，其中，由于具有高效率和低成本的优点，推荐采用将环流反应器内的定向流动与水力旋流器的简单固-液分离相结合的过程强化技术。接着，系统地讨论了浆态床反应器所面临的问题和挑战，包括流型判别、气体分布器设计、固体颗粒影响及其他问题。本文还介绍了应用计算流体力学对浆态床反应器进行数值模拟的研究进展，讨论了建模的难点。最后，对工业浆态床反应器的设计进行总结和展望。

关键词： 浆态床反应器     气升式搅拌     鼓泡塔     环流反应器     过程强化     固体颗粒    

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Experimental study on the stratum applicability and mechanisms of bubble–slurry for earth pressure balance

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1387-1399 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0005-y

摘要： Soil conditioning is essential for addressing the stratum applicability problem of earth pressure balance (EPB) shields. Under high water pressures, EPB shields spew water and soil when excavating coarse-grained strata. Typically, foam combined with polymers and slurry is used to solve spewing. However, in current techniques, slurry, foam, and the other agents are mixed with soil separately, their synergistic effect is seldom realized. In this study, an anionic surfactant was used to foam in bentonite slurry to form bubble–slurry to maximize the synergy between bubbles and slurry. The slump, volume stability, and permeability test of bubble–slurry-conditioned sand was conducted to examine the conditioning effect, and the stratum applicability of bubble–slurry was determined from the perspective of permeability. It was found that the conditioning effect of bubble–slurry in coarse gravel soil was excellent and could expand the applicability of EPB shields. The main stabilization mechanism of bubble–slurry is that bentonite particles provide a space barrier for bubbles. And three seepage modes of bubble–slurry-conditioned sand were innovatively defined, and the occurrence conditions of the three seepage modes were analyzed according to the permeability coefficient of sand, initial dynamic shear force of bubble–slurry, and hydraulic gradient.

关键词： EPB shield     bubble–slurry     soil conditioning     stability     permeability    

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The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2127-2143 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2363-3

摘要： Foam trays with porous submerged orifices endow bubbles uniformly distributed, which are considered attractive column internals to enhance the gas-liquid mass transfer process. However, its irregular orifice and complex gas-liquid flow make it lack pore-scale investigations concerning the transfer mechanism of dynamic bubbling. In this work, the actual porous structure of the foam tray is obtained based on micro computed tomography technology. The shape, dynamic, and mass transfer of rising bubbles at porous orifices are investigated using the volume of fluid and continue surface force model. The results demonstrate that the liquid encroaching on the gas channels causes the increasing orifices velocity, which makes the trailing bubble easily detach from the midst of the leading bubble and causes pairing coalescence. Additionally, we found that the central breakup regimes significantly improve the gas-liquid interface area and mass transfer efficiency. This discovery exemplifies the mechanism of mass transfer intensification for foam trays and serves to promote its further development.

关键词： bubble formation     porous submerged orifices     process intensification     foam tray    

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Synchronous observation of rising soluble bubble through quiescent solution

Yifu ZHANG , Shuai TIAN , Weizhong LI , Yongchen SONG ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 307-312 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0028-7

摘要： An experimental method using computer image processing technology (CIPT) was proposed to observe and investigate the velocity, deformation, heat and mass transfer, etc. of a rising soluble gas (CO) bubble through a quiescent hot water. A model was set up to describe the behavior of the bubble in a visual experimental system in which a high-speed camera rose instantaneously with the movement of the bubble. A series of trajectory videos about the bubble were recorded by a computer linked to the camera. The trajectory, volume changes and rate of mass transfer of the bubble were obtained by the CIPT. It is found that the single bubble follows a rolling trajectory at the initial stage when there is mass transfer. With the volume decreasing, the disturbed behavior of the bubble becomes tempered. When the rising velocity of the bubble reaches the maximum, the velocity is nearly at a constant. The experimental and analysis results show that this method is useful for the research on the mass transfer and the movement of rising bubbles in liquid.

关键词： soluble bubble     mass transfer     synchronous observation     computer image processing    

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Special Column on

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 323-324 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0288-0

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Investigation of bubble diameter and flow regime between water and dilute aqueous ethanol solutions inan airlift reactor

Baharak SAJJADI, Mostafa Keshavarz MORAVEJI, Reza DAVARNEJAD

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 194-202 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1019-2

摘要： In this study, the effect of ethanol addition into pure water and its concentration on bubble diameter, gas hold-up and flow regimes were investigated in an airlift reactor. Air and water with ethanol (concentration ranging from 0%–1%, v/v) were as dispersed and continuous phases, respectively. Superficial gas velocity was considered as an effective parameter. Bubble size distribution was measured by photography and picture analysis at various concentrations of ethanol and various velocities of gas. Alcohol concentration enhancement caused bubble diameter to decrease. Furthermore, the bubbles diameter in pure water was nearly 4 times higher than that of ethanol with concentration of 1% (v/v) and also was 3.4 times higher than that of ethanol with concentration of 0.25% (v/v) at the highest aeration gas velocity inlet. For ethanol solutions in lower superficial gas velocity, a homogenous flow regime was observed. This trend continued to inlet gas velocity of about 0.4 cm/s. The transition flow regime occurred after this datum although in pure water, a homogenous flow regime was observed up to a superficial gas velocity of 0.7 cm/s. The gas hold-up in dilute ethanol solutions were more than (around 2 times) that of pure water and increased with increasing concentration of ethanol in those solutions.

关键词： airlift rector     bubble diameter     gas hold-up     flow regime     ethanol    

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Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0954-2

摘要： A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation (DAF) by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and their effects on natural organic matter (NOM) removal from river water were investigated. NOM in the samples was fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The disinfection byproduct formation potentials of each fraction and their removal efficiencies were also evaluated. The results showed that chitosan was the most promising bubble modifier compared with a surfactant and a synthetic polymer. Tiny bubbles in the DAF pump system facilitated the adsorption of chitosan onto microbubble surfaces. The hydrophobic NOM fraction was preferentially removed by chitosan-modified bubbles. Decreasing the recycle water pH from 7.0 to 5.5 improved the removal of hydrophilic NOM with low molecular weight. Likewise, hydrophilic organic compounds gave high dihaloacetic acid yields in raw water. An enhanced reduction of haloacetic acid precursors was obtained with recycle water at pH values of 5.5 and 4.0. The experimental results indicate that NOM fractions may interact with bubbles through different mechanisms. Positive bubble modification provides an alternative approach for DAF to enhance NOM removal.

关键词： Bubble surface modification     Chitosan     Disinfection by-product     Dissolved air flotation     Organic fraction    

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Special Column on Multiscale Stochastic Finite Element Method

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 105-106 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0297-7

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Special column: solar energy conversion

Yun Hang HU, Fangming JIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 205-206 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0636-9

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Seismic tests of post-tensioned self-centering building frames with column and slab restraints

Chung-Che CHOU, Jun-Hen CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 323-334 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0119-5

摘要： Post-tensioned (PT) self-centering moment frames have been developed as an alternative to typical moment-resisting frames (MRFs) for earthquake resistance. When a PT frame deforms laterally, gaps between the beams and columns open. However, the gaps are constrained by the columns and the slab in a real PT self-centering building frame. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the column restraint and beam compression force based on the column deformation and gap openings at all stories. The method is verified by cyclic tests of a full-scale, two-bay by one-story PT frame. Moreover, a sliding slab is proposed to minimize restraints on the expansion of the PT frame. Shaking table tests were conducted on a reduced-scale, two-by-two bay one-story specimen, which comprises one PT frame and two gravitational frames. The PT frame and gravitational frames are self-centering throughout the tests, responding in phase with only minor differences in peak drifts caused by expansion of the PT frame. When the specimen is excited by a simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake with a peak ground acceleration of 1.87 g, the maximum interstory drift and the residual drift are 7.2% and 0.01%, respectively.

关键词： post-tensioned frame     frame expansion     column restraint     sliding slab     frame test     shake table test    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Study on direct alcohol/ether fuel synthesis process in bubble column slurry reactor

Zhen CHEN, Haitao ZHANG, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

期刊论文

Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

期刊论文

Removal of SO

Xiaolei LI, Chunying ZHU, Youguang MA

期刊论文

Experimental study on bubble behavior and CFD simulation of large-scale slurry bubble column reactor

Haoyi SUN, Tao LI, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

期刊论文

Removal of dyes from wastewater by growing fungal pellets in a semi-continuous mode

Tao Lu, Qilei Zhang, Shanjing Yao

期刊论文

气升式浆态床反应器的过程强化

耿淑君, 毛在砂, 黄青山, 杨超

期刊论文

Experimental study on the stratum applicability and mechanisms of bubble–slurry for earth pressure balance

期刊论文

The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

期刊论文

Synchronous observation of rising soluble bubble through quiescent solution

Yifu ZHANG , Shuai TIAN , Weizhong LI , Yongchen SONG ,

期刊论文

Special Column on

期刊论文

Investigation of bubble diameter and flow regime between water and dilute aqueous ethanol solutions inan airlift reactor

Baharak SAJJADI, Mostafa Keshavarz MORAVEJI, Reza DAVARNEJAD

期刊论文

Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

期刊论文

Special Column on Multiscale Stochastic Finite Element Method

期刊论文

Special column: solar energy conversion

Yun Hang HU, Fangming JIN

期刊论文

Seismic tests of post-tensioned self-centering building frames with column and slab restraints

Chung-Che CHOU, Jun-Hen CHEN

期刊论文